Yodo y embarazo: resultados de un estudio en una población de mujeres embarazadas sanas del sureste andaluz / Iodine and pregnancy: Results of a population’s study of healthy pregnant women in the south-est of Andalucia (Spain)

En España estudios recientes han demostrado que la ingesta de yodo en las mujeres embarazadas es baja, incluso en zonas donde teóricamente hay programas institucionales para promover el consumo de sal yodada para la prevención de la deficiencia de yodo. Nuestro estudio muestra que en la población de mujeres gestantes de Málaga la ingesta de yodo está por debajo de las recomendaciones nutricionales. La eliminación de yodo por la orina va aumentando a lo largo del embarazo, produciéndose un incremento del tamaño del volumen tiroideo al final del mismo. Aunque no se encontró una correlación individual entre el volumen tiroideo y la eliminación de yodo por la orina, los resultados sugieren claramente que el incremento en el volumen tiroideo es la consecuencia de una disfunción tiroidea a lo largo del embarazo. Esta disfunción del tiroides se corresponde con lo esperado en una situación de yododeficiencia. A pesar de existir en distintas zonas de España unas campañas de salud pública recomendando la utilización de sal yodada, los resultados de distintos estudios nos muestran que este aporte es insuficiente en las mujeres gestantes, con el consecuente riesgo que conlleva para el desarrollo fetal. Los resultados del presente estudio apoyan la conveniencia de instaurar programas sistemáticos de suplementación de yodo durante el embarazo

In Spain several studies have demonstrated that iodine intake of pregnant women is low. Our study shows that in the south-west (Malaga), the intake of iodine in the population of pregnant women is under the nutritional recommendations. The iodine urine elimination increases during the pregnancy with an increasing of the thyroid volume during pregnancy. There is no individual correlation between thyroid volume and urine iodine elimination, but the results suggest the origin of the thyroid dysfunction thought the pregnancy is the increased thyroid volume. Besides the health public campaign of using iodine salt in several zones of Spain, the results of some studies shown that this supplementation is inadequate, with the risk for the fetal development. The results of this study support the necessity of systematic programmes of iodine supplementation during the pregnancy

Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production on a synthetic grape medium in relation to environmental factors.

AIMS: The effects of water activity (0.90-0.99 a(w)), temperature (15-37 degrees C), and their interaction on growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by eight isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius were investigated on synthetic nutrient medium (SNM) with composition similar to grapes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Growth data were modelled by an multiple linear regression and response surface models were obtained. Aspergillus carbonarius grew much faster at 30 degrees C than at the other temperature levels tested and its growth rate increased with increasing a(w), maximum growth rate being between 0.95 and 0.99 a(w). In general, isolates grew faster at 35-37 degrees C than at 20 degrees C, although no significant differences were found between these temperatures. OTA accumulation was also favoured by high a(w) levels, and although it was observed in the whole range of temperatures, maximum amounts were detected at 20 degrees C. No OTA was found at the most unfavourable growth conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Optimum a(w) level for growth seems to correspond with optimum for OTA production, meanwhile the most propitious temperature for the toxin production was below the best one for growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Prediction of A. carbonarius growth would allow estimating their presence and therefore, the OTA production, as it was found that conditions for the toxin production were more limited than those permitting growth.